In order to study a variety of songs can be classified as songs in musical temperament: monophonic song, choral, with or without him. How to find a common feature that unites all this diversity? We compare the song with other vocal genres - romance, aria. In each of them connected to the two required elements - music and words, but to each his own way. Melody is general in nature, the general mood of the text, not transmitting the details, without singling out individual images, individual speech intonations. That's why the song so often strophic form. If, for example, the melody of the first verse eloquently passed on the entire particular poem, it could come with repetition in contradiction with the subsequent text. Passing the same general character - sad, lyrical or funny, humorous, it is equally good agreement with the text of the verses. Artist song emphasizes certain features and introduces a variety of couplet form. It is because of the generality of song melody is allowed on different versions of the text. But this is possible only under one condition: the new text should have the same poetic dimension (iamb, trochee, etc.) and the same verse structure (number of rows, alternating rhymes) as the original. Some songs have lived with different versions of not one but two, three lives.
Pastoral.
The origins of the genre go back to Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, where poets and writers in opposition to the city an idealized life in the lap of nature, differing in their representation of simple-mindedness of manners, ingenuous sincerity and loyalty in love. In XVII-XVIII centuries Came the fashion for pastoral themes in art. Many pastoral scenes included in the old opera. For composers pastoral themes gave rise to the creation, especially in the instrumental music program, many are still deeply impressive images at birth, rural life, folk humor and